• \
    Start Submission Become a Reviewer

    Reading: CO2 and water vapor exchange of a larch forest in northern Japan

    Download

     A- A+
    Alt. Display

    Original Research Papers

    CO2 and water vapor exchange of a larch forest in northern Japan

    Authors:

    Takashi Hirano ,

    Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, JP
    X close

    Ryuichi Hirata,

    Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, JP
    X close

    Yasumi Fujinuma,

    Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, JP
    X close

    Nobuko Saigusa,

    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8604, JP
    X close

    Susumu Yamamoto,

    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8604, JP
    X close

    Yoshinobu Harazono,

    International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, US
    X close

    Masayuki Takada,

    Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, JP
    X close

    Koh Inukai,

    Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, JP
    X close

    Gen Inoue

    Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, JP
    X close

    Abstract

    In the northern part of East Asia, forests dominated by larch are extensively distributed and probably play an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, a knowledge of the CO2 balance of larch forests based on long-term flux measurements is very restricted in East Asia. Thus, a long-term flux measurement has been started in 2000 at a larch plantation on a flat terrain in Hokkaido, Japan to obtain more information on the CO2 and energy balances of larch forests. From September 2000 to August 2001 the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) changed seasonally in accordance with the annual cycles of phenology and climate. NEE was negative for six months of the growing season, May—September; the larch ecosystem was a carbon sink with a peak intensity of –0.38 mol m−2 d−1 for this period. In the leafless season from November to April the forest ecosystem was a carbon source with an intensity ranging between 0 and 0.05 mol m−2 d−1. Annual NEE from September 2000 to August 2001 was −24.4 to −32.4 mol m−2 yr−1 (=−293 to −389 gC m−2 yr−1); this value is compatible with those reported from other temperate forests. Annual evapotranspiration for the same period was 367 mm, which was only 29% of annual precipitation.

    How to Cite: Hirano, T., Hirata, R., Fujinuma, Y., Saigusa, N., Yamamoto, S., Harazono, Y., Takada, M., Inukai, K. and Inoue, G., 2003. CO2 and water vapor exchange of a larch forest in northern Japan. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 55(2), pp.244–257. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16753
      Published on 01 Jan 2003
    Peer Reviewed
     CC BY 4.0
     Accepted on 13 Dec 2002            Submitted on 9 Jan 2002

    References

    1. Anthoni , P.M. , Law , B. E. and Unsworth , M. H . 1999 . Carbon and water vapor exchange of an open-canopied ponderosa pine ecosystem . Agric. For Meteorol 95 , 151 – 168 .  

    2. Aubinet , M. , Grelle , A. , Ibrom , A. , Rannilc , Ü. , Moncrieff , J. , Foken , T. , Kowalski , A. S. , Martin. P. H. , Berbigier , P. , Bernhofer , Ch. , Clement , R. , Elbers , J. , Granier , A. , Grunwald , T. , Morgenstern , K. , Pilegaard , K. , Rebmann , C. , Snijders , W. , Valentini , R. , Vesala , T. 2000. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water vapor exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Adv. EcoL Res. 30, 113 – 175.  

    3. Aubinet , M. , Chermanne , B. , Vandenhaute , M. , Longdoz , B. , Yernaux , M. and Laitat , E. 2001. Long term carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest in the Belgian Ardennes. Agric. For. Meteorol. 108, 293 – 315.  

    4. Auble , D. and Meyers , T. P. 1992. An open path, first response infrared absorption gas analyzer for H2O and CO2. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 59, 243 – 256.  

    5. Baldocchi , D. , Falge , E. , Gu , L. , Olson , R. , Hollinger , D. , Running , S. , Anthoni , P. , Bernhofer , C. , Davis , K. , Evans , R. , Fuentes , J. , Goldstein , A. , Katul , G. , Law , B. , Lee , X. , Malhi , Y. , Meyers , T. , Munger , W. , Oechel , W. , Paw , U. K. T. , Pilegaard , K. , Schmid , H. P. , Valentini , R. , Verma , S. , Vesala , T. , Wilson , K. and Wofsy , S. 2001. FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variabil-ity of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 82, 2415 – 2434.  

    6. Berbigier , P. , Bonnefond , J. and Mellmann , P . 2001 . CO2 and water vapor fluxes for 2 years above Euroflux forest site . Agric. For. Meteorol . 108 , 183 – 197 .  

    7. Clark , K. L. , Gholz , H. L. , Moncrieff , J. B. , Cropley , F. and Loescher , H. W . 1999 . Environmental controls over net ex-change of carbon dioxide from contrasting Florida ecosys-tems . Ecol. Appl . 9 , 936 – 948 .  

    8. Denning , A. S. , Fung , I. Y. and Randall , D . 1995 . Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to seasonal exchange with land and biota . Nature 376 , 240 – 243 .  

    9. Falge , E. , Baldocchi , D. , Olson , R. , Anthoni , P. , Aubinet , M. , Bernhofer , C. , Burba , G. , Ceulemans , R. , Clement , R. , Dol-man , H. , Granier , A. , Gross , P. , Griinwald , T. , Hollinger , D. , Jensen , N. , Katul , G. , Keronen , R , Kowalski , A. , Lai , C. T. , Law , B. E. , Meyers , T. , Moncrieff , J. , Moors , E. , Munger , W. , Pielegaard , K. , Rannik , U. , Rebmann , C. , Suyker , A. , Tenhunen , J. , Tu , K. , Verma , S. , Vesala , T. , Wilson , K. and Wofsy , S . 2001a . Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange . Agric. For Meteorol . 107 , 43 – 69 .  

    10. Falge , E. , Baldocchi , D. , Olson , R. , Anthoni , P. , Aubinet , M. , Bernhofer , C. , Burba , G. , Ceulemans , R. , Clement , R. , Dol-man , H. , Granier , A. , Gross , P. , Griinwald , T. , Hollinger , D. , Jensen , N. , Katul , G. , Keronen , R , Kowalski , A. , Lai , C. T. , Law , B. E. , Meyers , T. , Moncrieff , J. , Moors , E. , Munger , W. , Pielegaard , K. , Rannik , U. , Rebmann , C. , Suyker , A. , Tenhunen , J. , Tu , K. , Verma , S. , Vesala , T. , Wilson , K. and Wofsy , S . 200 lb. Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets. Agric. For Meteorol. 107, 71 – 77.  

    11. Finnigan , J . 1999 . A comment on the paper by Lee (1998): “On micrometeorological observations of surface-air ex-change over tall vegetation.” Agric . For Meteorol . 97 , 55 – 64 .  

    12. Fujinuma , Y. , Takada , M. , Tashiro , K. and Inoue , G . 2001 . GHGs flux monitoring at larch forest in Hokkaido , Japan. CGER-Report M-011 (Proc. International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation) , 161 – 164 .  

    13. Goulden , M. L. , Munger , J. W. , Fan , S. M. , Daube , B. C. and Wofsy , S. C . 1996 . Measurements of carbon sequestra-tion by long term eddy co-variance: methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy . Global Change Biol . 2 , 169 – 182 .  

    14. Gower , S. T. and Richards , J. H . 1990 . Larches: deciduous conifers in an evergreen world . BioScience 40 , 818 – 826 .  

    15. Greco , S. and Baldocchi , D . 1996 . Seasonal variations of CO2 and water vapor exchange rates over a temperate deciduous forest . Global Change Biol . 2 , 183 – 197 .  

    16. Hignett , P. 1992. Corrections to temperature measurements with a sonic anemometer. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 175 – 187.  

    17. Houghton , R. A. , Davidson , E. A. and Woodwell , G. M . 1998 . Missing sinks, feedbacks, and understanding the roll of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon balance . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 12 , 25 – 34 .  

    18. Hollinger , D. Y. , Kelliher , E M. , Schulze , E. D. , Bauer , G. , Arneth , A. , Byers , J. N. , Hunt , J. E. , McSeveny , T. M. , Kobak , K. I. , Milukova , I. , Sogatchev , A. , Tatarinov , F. , Varlargin , A. , Ziegler , W. and Vygodslcaya , N. 1998. Forest-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange in eastern Siberia. Agric. For Meteorol. 90, 291 – 306.  

    19. Jansens , I. A. , Lanlcreijer , H. , Matteccui , G. , Kowalski , A. S. , Buchmann , N. , Epron , D. , Pilegaard , K. , Kutsch , W. , Long-doz , B. , Griinwald , T. , Montagnani , L. , Dore , S. , Rebmann , C. , Moors , E. J. , Grelle , A. , Rannik, e., Morgenstern, K., Oltchev, S., Clement, R., Gudmundsson, J., Minerbi, S., Berbigier, R, Ibron, A., Moncrieff, J., Aubinet, M., Bern-hofer, C., Jensen, N. 0., Vesala, T., Granier, A., Schulze, E.-D., Lindroth, A., Dolman, A. J., Jarvis, P. G., Ceule-mans, R. and Valentini, R. 2001. Productivity overshadows temperature in determining soil and ecosystem respiration across European forests. Global Change Biol. 7 , 269 – 278. Kaimal, J. C. and Gaynor, J. E. 1991. Another look at sonic thermometry. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 56 , 401 – 410. Kormann, R. and Mexiner, F. X. 2001. An analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification. Bound.-Layer Meteo-rol. 99, 207 – 224.  

    20. Lee , X . 1998 . On micrometeorological observations of surface-air exchange over tall vegetation . Agric. For Me-teorol . 91 , 39 – 49 .  

    21. Machimura , T. and Fukuda , M . 2001. Operation of flux sta-tions in east Siberian Taiga forest. CGER-Report M-011 (Proc. International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation), 83 – 86  

    22. Mahrt , L . 1998 . Flux sampling errors for aircraft and towers . J. Atom. Ocean. Technol . 15 , 416 – 429 .  

    23. McMillen , R. T . 1988 . An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain . Bound.-Layer Meteorol . 43 , 231 – 245 .  

    24. Nakai , Y. , Kitamura , K. , Suzuki , S. and Abe , S . 2003. Year-long carbon dioxide exchange above a broadleaf deciduous forest in Sapporo, northern Japan. Tellus 55B, this issue. Nalcai, Y., Saigusa, N., Hirano, T., Evans, R., Ohtani, Y., Hirata, R., Toriyama, A., Kitamura, K., Suzuki, S., Ya-mamoto, S. 2002. A field experiment in August 2002 for the comparison of eddy-flux systems between AsiaFlux and AmeriFlux. J. Jpn. Soc. Hydrol Water Resour. 15 , 665 – 672. (in Japanese)  

    25. Otto-Bliesner , B. L. and Upchurch , G. R. , Jr . 1997 . Vegetation-induced warming of high latitude regions dur-ing the late cretaceous period . Nature 385 , 804 – 807 .  

    26. Pilegaard , K. , Hummelsoj , P. , Jenzen , N . 0. and Chen, Z. 2001. Two year continuous CO2 eddy-flux measurements over a Danish beech forest. Agric. For Meteorol. 107, 29 – 41.  

    27. Ruimy , A. , Jarvis , P. G. , Baldocchi , D. D. and Saugier , B . 1995 . CO2 fluxes over plant canopies and solar radiation . Adv. EcoL Res . 26 , 1 – 69 .  

    28. Sakai , R. K. , Fitzjarrald , D. R. and Moore , K. E . 2001 . Im-portance of low-frequency contributions to eddy fluxes ob-served over rough surfaces . J. AppL Meteorol . 40 , 2178 – 2192 .  

    29. Tanaka , Y. , Tanaka , N. and Hatano , R . 2001. Seasonal varia-tion of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes above a cool, tem-perate, broad-leaved forest. CGER-Report M-011 (Proc. International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation), 133 – 137  

    30. Turnipseed , A. A. , Blanlen , P. D. , Anderson , D. E. and Mon-son , R. K . 2002 . Energy budget above a high-elevation subalpine forest in complex topography . Agric. For Mete-orol . 110 , 177 – 201 .  

    31. Twine , T. E. , Kustas , W. P. , Norman , J. M. , Cook , D. R. , Houser P. R. , Meyers , T. P. , Prueger , J. H. , Starks , P. J. and Wesley , M. L . 2000 . Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland . Agric. For. Meteorol . 103 , 279 – 300 .  

    32. Valentini , R. , Matteucci , G. , Dolman , A. J. , Schulze , E.-D. , Rebmann , C. , Moors , E. J. , Granier , A. , Gross , P. , Jensen , N.O. , Pilegaard , K. , Lindroth , A. , Grelle , A. , Bernhofer , C. , Griinwald , T. , Aubinet , M. , Ceulemans , R. , Kowalski , A. S. , Vesala , T. , Rannilc , U. , Berbigier , P. , Loustau , D. , Guomundsson , J. , Thorgirsson , H. , Ibrom , A. , Mogenstern , K. , Clement , R. , Moncrieff , J. , Montagnani , L. , Minebi, S. and Jarvis, 0. G. 2000. Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in Europe forests. Nature 404, 861 – 865.  

    33. Watanabe , T. , Yasuda , Y. , Yamanoi , K. , Ohtani , Y. , Olcano , M. and Mizoguchi , Y . 2001 . Seasonal variations in energy and CO2 fluxes over a temperate deciduous forest at Kawagoe , Japan. CGER-Report M-011 (Proc. International Work-shop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation) , 11 – 17 .  

    34. Webb , E. K. , Pearman , G. I. and Leuning , R . 1980 . Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 106 , 85 – 100 .  

    35. Wilson , K. , Goldstein , A. , Falge , E. , Aubinet , M. , Baldocchi , D. , Berbigier , P. , Bernhofer , C. , Ceulemans , R. , Dolman , H. , Field , C. , Grelle , A. , Ibrom , A. , Law , B. , Kowalski , A. , Meyers , T. , Moncrieff , J. , Monson , R. , Oechel , W. , Tenhunen , J. , Valentini , R. and Verma , S. 2002. Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites. Agric. For. Meteorol. 113, 223 – 343.  

    36. Wofsy , S. C. , Goulden , M. L. , Munger , J. W. , Fan , S. W. , Balcwin , P. S. , Daube , B. C. , Bassow , S. L. and Bazzaz E A . 1993 . Net exchange of CO2 in a mid-latitude forest . Science 260 , 1314 – 1317 .  

    37. Yi , C. , Davis , K. J. , Bakwin , P. S. , Berger B. W. and Man, L. C. 2000. Influence of advection on measurements of the net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 from a very tall tower. J. Geophys. Res . 105 , 9991 – 9999.  

    Jump to Discussions Related content
    comments powered by Disqus