Alward , D. R. , Detling , J. K. and Milchunas , D. G . 1999 . Grassland vegetation changes and nocturnal global warm-ing . Science 283 , 229 – 231 .
Aratijo , A. C. , Nobre , A. D. , Kruijt , B. , Elbers , J. A. , Dal-larosa , R. , Stefani , P. , Randow , C. , Manzi , A. O. , Cuff , A. D. , Gash , J. H. C. , Valentini , R. and Kabat , P. 2002. Comparative measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes from two nearby towers in a Central Amazonian rainforest: The Manaus LBA site. J. Geophys. Res . 107 , in press.
Aubinet , M. , Grelle , A. , Ibrom , A. , Rannilc , U. , Moncrieff , J. , Foken , T. , Kowalski , A. S. , Martin , P. H. , Berbigier , P. , Bernhofer , Ch. , Clement , R. , Elbers , J. , Granier , A. , Grunwald , T. , Morgenstern , K. , Pilegaard , K. , Rebmann , C. , Snijders , W. , Valentini , R. and Vesala , T . 2000 . Es-timates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology . Adv. EcoL Res . 30 , 113 – 175 .
Baldocchi , D. D. , Falge , E. , Gu , L. , Olson , R. , Hollinger , D. , Running , S. , Anthoni , P. , Bernhofer , Ch. , Davis , K. , Fuentes , J. , Goldstein , A. , Katul , G. , Law , B. , Lee , X. , Malhi , Y. , Meyers , T. , Munger , J. W. , Oechel , W. , Pile-gaard , K. , Schmid , H. P. , Valentini , R. , Verma , S. , Vesala , T. , Wilson , K. and Wofsy , S . 2001 . FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy flux densities . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 82 , 2415 – 2435 .
Barcza , Z . 2001 . Long-term atmosphere/biosphere ex-change of CO2 in Hungary. Ph.D. thesis , Eötviis Loránd University , Budapest , http://nimbus.elte.hu/ -bzoli/thesis/index.html .
Battle , M. , Bender , M. L. , Tans , P. P. , White , J. W. C. , Ellis , J. T. , Conway , T. and Francey , R. J . 2000 . Global carbon sinks and their variability inferred from atmospheric 02 and 313C . Science 287 , 2467 – 2470 .
Bousquet , P. , Ciais , R , Peylin , R , Ramonet , M. and Mon-fray , P . 1999 . Inverse modeling of annual atmospheric CO2 sources and sinks, 1, Method and control inversion . J. Geo-phys. Res . 104D , 26161 – 26178 .
Ciais , R , Tans , P. P. , Trolier , M. , White , J. W. C. and Francey , R. J . 1995 . A large northern hemispheric terrestrial CO2 sink indicated by the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2 . Science 269 , 1098 – 1102 .
Falge , E. , Baldocchi. , D. , Olson , R. , Anthoni , R , Aubinet , M. , Bernhofer , C. , Burba , G. , Ceulemans , R. , Clement , R. , Dol-man , H. , Granier , A. , Gross , R , Griinwald , T. , Hollinger , D. , Jensen , N .-0., Katul, G., Keronen, P., Kowalski, A., Lai, C. T., Law, B. E., Meyers, T., Moncrie, J., Moors, E., Munger, J. W., Pilegaard, K., Rannilc, Ü., Rebmann, C., Suyker, A., Tenhunen, J., Tu, K., Verma, S., Vesala, T., Wilson, K. and Wofsy, S. 2001. Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange. Agric. For Meteorol. 107, 43 – 69.
Fan , S. , Gloor , M. , Mahlman , J. , Pacala , S. , Sarmiento , J. , Takahashi , T. and Tans , P . 1998 . A large terrestrial carbon sink in North America implied by atmospheric and oceanic carbon dioxide data and models . Science 282 , 442 – 446 .
Foken , Th. and Wichura , B . 1996 . Tools for quality assess-ment of surface-based flux measurements . Agric. For Me-teorol . 78 , 83 – 105 .
Fredeen , A. L. , Koch , G. W. and Field , Ch. B. 1998 . In-fluence of fertilization and atmospheric CO2 enrichment on ecosystem CO2 and H20 exchanges in single- and multiple-species grassland microcosms . Environ. Exp. BoL 40 , 147 – 157 .
Gitay , H. , Brown , S. , Easterling , W. and Jallow , B . 2001. Ecosystems and their goods and services. In: Climate Change 2001, impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability (eds. J. J. McCarthy , O. F. Canziani , N. A. Leary , D. J. Dokken , and K. S. White ). Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , 235 – 342
Grace , J. , Malhi , Y. , Lloyd , J. , McIntyre , J. , Miranda , A. , Meir , P. and Miranda , H . 1996 . The use of eddy covariance to infer the net carbon dioxide uptake of Brazilian rain forest . Global Change Biol . 2 , 209 – 217 .
Greco , S. and Baldocchi , D. D . 1996 . Seasonal variations of CO2 and water vapour exchange rates over a temperate deciduous forest . Global Change Biol . 2 , 183 – 197 .
Haszpra , L. , Barcza , Z. , Bakwin , P. S. , Berger , B. W. , Davis , K. J. and Weidinger , T . 2001 . Measuring system for the long-term monitoring of biosphere/atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide . J. Geophys. Res . 106D , 3057 – 3070 .
Hensen , A. , van den Bulk , W. C. M. , Vermeulen , A. T. and Wyers , G. P . 1997 . CO2 exchange between grassland and the atmosphere. Results over a four year period of CO2 measurements at Cabauw , the Netherlands. ECN Report ECN-C-97-032 , Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland , Petten .
Kim , J. , Verma , S. B. and Clement , R. J . 1992 . Carbon dioxide budget in a temperate grassland ecosystem . J. Geophys. Res . 97D , 6057 – 6063 .
Lee , X . 1998 . On micrometeorological observations of surface-air exchange over tall vegetation . Agric. For Me-teorol . 91 , 39 – 49 .
Malhi , Y. , Baldocchi , D. D. and Jarvis , P. G . 1999 . The carbon balance of tropical, temperate and boreal forests . Plant, Cell and Environ . 22 , 715 – 740 .
Marklcanen , T. , Rannilc , U. , Keronen , P. , Suni , T. and Vesala , T. 2001. Eddy covariance fluxes over a boreal Scots pine forest. Boreal Environ. Res. 6, 65 – 78.
Meyers , T. P . 2001 . A comparison of summertime water and CO2 fluxes over rangeland for well-watered and drought conditions . Agric. For. Meteorol . 106 , 205 – 214 .
Moore , C. J . 1986 . Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems . Boundaty-Layer Meteora 37 , 17 – 35 .
Pacala , S. W. , Hurtt , G. C. , Baker , D. , Peylin , P. , Houghton , R. A. , Birdsey , R. A. , Heath , L. , Sundquist , E. T. , Stallard , R. F. , Ciais , P. , Moorcroft , P. , Caspersen , J. P. , Shevli-alcova , E. , Moore , B. , Kohlmaier , G. , Holland , E. , Gloor , M. , Harmon , M. E. , Fan , S.-M. , Sarmiento , J. L. , Goodale , C. L. , Schimel , D. and Field , C. B . 2001 . Consistent land-and atmosphere-based U.S. carbon sink estimates . Science 292 , 2316 – 2320 .
Paw , U. K. T. , Baldocchi , D. D. , Meyers , T. P. and Wilson , K. B . 2000 . Correction of eddy-covariance measurements incorporating both advective effects and density fluxes . Boundary-Layer Meteorol . 97 , 487 – 511 .
Running , S. W. , Baldocchi , D. D. , Turner , D. , Gower , S. T. , Bakwin , P. and Hibbard , K . 1999 . A global terrestrial monitoring network, scaling tower fluxes with ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data . Remote Sensing Environ . 70 , 108 – 127 .
Schmid , H. P . 1994 . Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes . Boundary-Layer Meteorol . 67 , 293 – 318 .
Schmid , H. P . 1997 . Experimental design for flux measure-ments: matching scales of observations and fluxes . Agric. For Meteorol . 87 , 179 – 200 .
Stefanovits , P . 1971 . Brown forest soils of Hungary . Alcademiai Kiadó , Budapest .
Suyker , A. E. and Verma , S. B . 2001 . Year-round observations of the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide in a native tall grass prairie . Global Change Biol . 3 , 279 – 290 .
Tans , P. P. , Conway , T. J. and Nalcazawa , T . 1989 . Latitudi-nal distribution of the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide derived from surface observations and an atmospheric transport model . J. Geophys. Res . 94D , 5151 – 5172 .
Tans , P. P. , Fung , I. Y. and Takahashi , T . 1990 . Observational constrains on the global atmospheric CO2 budget . Science 247 , 1431 – 1438 .
Valentini , R. , Matteucci , G. , Dolman , A. J. , Schulze , E.-D. , Rebmann , C. , Moors , E. J. , Granier , A. , Gross , P. , Jensen , N.O. , Pilegaard , K. , Lindroth , A. , Grelle , A. , Bernhofer, Ch., Griinwald, P., Aubinet, M., Ceulemans, R., Kowal-ski, A. S., Vesala, T., Rannilc, U., Berbigier, P., Loustau, D., Gudmundsson, J., Thorgeirsson, H., Ibrom, A., Mor-genstern, K., Clement, R., Moncrieff, J., Montagnini, L., Minerbi, S. and Jarvis, P. G. 2000. Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests. Nature 404, 861 – 865.
Webb , E. K. , Pearman , G. I. and Leuning , R . 1980 . Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer . Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc . 106 , 85 – 100 .