• \
    Start Submission Become a Reviewer

    Reading: A meridional profile of the chemical composition of submicrometre particles over the East At...

    Download

     A- A+
    Alt. Display

    Original Research Papers

    A meridional profile of the chemical composition of submicrometre particles over the East Atlantic Ocean: regional and hemispheric variabilities

    Authors:

    C. Leck ,

    Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, SE
    X close

    J. Heintzenberg,

    Institute for Tropospheric Research, DE
    X close

    M. Engardt

    Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE
    X close

    Abstract

    Within the framework of SWEDARP (Swedish Antarctic Program) 92/93 an aerosol sampling program was carried out on board of M/S Polarbjörnwhich carried staff and material to the Nordic Antarctic field exercises during the Austral summer 1992/1993. The cruise started 11 November 1992 from Oslo, went via Cape Town to Antarctica, and then back to Cape Town where the ship arrived on 4 January 1993. During the cruise, a meridional profile of physical and chemical submicrometre aerosol properties was derived covering the East Atlantic Ocean from 60°N to 70°S. The multicomponent aerosol data set combined with a trajectory analysis revealed a systematic meridional distribution of aerosol sources over the Atlantic that covered European and African continental plumes and, south of 15°S, a largely biologically controlled marine aerosol. Median number concentrations calculated over the whole cruise spanned a factor of 20 between 2000 and 100 cm−3, while total analyzed mass concentrations ranged between 7800 and 40 ng m3. From the biologically dominated subset of the data in the southern hemisphere, relationships were developed that allowed an apportionment of the observed sulfate and ammonium concentration to biogenic and anthropogenic sources over the whole meridional aerosol profile.

    How to Cite: Leck, C., Heintzenberg, J. and Engardt, M., 2002. A meridional profile of the chemical composition of submicrometre particles over the East Atlantic Ocean: regional and hemispheric variabilities. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 54(4), pp.377–394. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v54i4.16672
      Published on 01 Jan 2002
    Peer Reviewed
     CC BY 4.0
     Accepted on 18 Apr 2002            Submitted on 18 May 2001

    References

    1. Artaxo , P. , Gerab , F. , Yamasoe , M. A. and Martins , J. V . 1994 . Fine mode aerosol composition at three long-term atmospheric monitoring sites in the amazon basin. J. Geophys. Res . 99 , D11 , 22,857 - 22,868 .  

    2. Ayers , G. P. , Ivey , J. P. and Gillett , R. W . 1991 . Coher-ence between seasonal cycles of dimethyl sulphide, methanesulphonate and sulphate in marine air. Nature 349 , 404 – 406 .  

    3. Ayers , G. P. , Cainey , J. M. , Granek , H. and Leck , C . 1996 . Dimethylsulfide oxidation and the ratio of meth-anesulfonate to non sea-salt sulfate in the marine aero-sol. J. Atmos. Chem . 25 , 307 – 325 .  

    4. Bates , T. S. , Calhoun , J. A. and Quinn , P. K . 1992 . Variations in the methanesulfonate to sulfate molar ratio in submicrometer marine aerosol particles over the South Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res . 97 , D9 , 9859 – 9865 .  

    5. Bilrgermeister , S. , Zimmermann , R. L. , Georgii , H.-W. , Bingemer , H. G. , Kirst , G. O. , Janssen , M. and Ernst , W. 1990 . On the biogenic origin of dimethylsul-fide: relation between chlorophyll, ATP, organismic DMSP, phytoplankton species, and DMS distribution in Atlantic surface water and atmosphere. J. Great Lakes Res . 95 , 20,607 - 20,615 .  

    6. Charlson , R. J. , Langner , J. , Rodhe , H. , Leovy , C. B. and Warren , S. G . 1991 . Perturbation of the northern hemi-sphere radiative balance by backscattering of anthro-pogenic sulfate aerosols. Tellus 43AB , 152 - 163 .  

    7. Covert , D. S . 1988 . North Pacific marine background aerosol: average ammonium to sulfate molar ratio equals 1. J. Geophys. Res . 93 , D7 , 8455 – 8458 .  

    8. Davison , B. , Hewitt , C. N. , O'Dowd , C. D. , Lowe , J. A. , Smith , M. H. , et al. 1996a. Dimethyl sulfide, methane sulfonic acid and physicochemical aerosol properties in Atlantic air from the United Kingdom to Halley Bay. J. Geophys. Res . 101 , D17, 22,855 - 22,867 .  

    9. Davison , B. , O'Dowd , C. , Hewitt , C. N. , Smith , M. H. , Harrison , R. M. , et al. 1996b . Dimethyl sulfide and its oxidation products in the atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Atmos. Environ . 30 , 1895 – 1906 .  

    10. Engardt , M. and Rodhe , H . 1993 . A comparison between patterns of temperature trends and sulfate aerosol pollution. Geophys. Res. Lett . 20 , 117 – 120 .  

    11. Gillespie , J. B. and Lindberg , J. D . 1992 . Ultraviolet and visible imaginary refractive index of strongly absorb-ing atmospheric particulate matter. Appl. Opt . 31 , 2112 – 2115 .  

    12. Hansson , H.-C. , Martinsson , B. G. , Swietlicki , E. , Asking , L. , Heintzenberg , J. and Ogren , J. A . 1986 . PIXE in complex analytical systems for atmospheric chemistry. Nucl. Instr. Meth . 22B , 235 - 240 .  

    13. Heintzenberg , J . 1982 . Size-segregated measurements of particulate elemental carbon and aerosol light absorp-tion at remote Arctic locations. Atmos. Environ . 16 , 2461 – 2469 .  

    14. Heintzenberg , J . 1988 . A processor-controlled multisam-ple soot photometer. Aerosol Sci. Technol . 8 , 227 – 233 .  

    15. Heintzenberg , J. , Covert , D. S. and Van Dingenen , R . 2000 . Size distribution and chemical composition of marine aerosols: compilation and review. Tellus 52B , 1104 – 1122 .  

    16. Herman , J. R. , Bhartia , P. K. , Torres , O. , Hsu , C. , Seftor , C. and Celarier , E. 1997 . Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data, 1997. J. Geophys. Res . 102 , D14 , 16,911 - 16,922 .  

    17. Johansson , T. B. , Akselsson , R. and Johansson , S. A. E . 1970 . X-ray analysis: elemental trace analysis at the 10' g level. Nucl. Instr. Meth . 84 , 141 – 143 .  

    18. Junge , C. and Jaenicke , R . 1971 . New results in back-ground aerosols studied from the Atlantic expedition of the R.V. Meteor, spring 1969. J. Aerosol Sci . 2 , 305 – 314 .  

    19. Karl , T. R. , Knight , R. W. , Kukla , G. and Gavin , J . 1995 . Evidence for radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols in the observed climate record. In: Aerosol forcing of climate (eds. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzen-berg), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 363 - 384 .  

    20. Kerker , M. , Schemer , P. , Cooke , D. D. and Kratohvil , J. P . 1979 . Absorption index and color of colloidal hematite. J. Colloid Interface Sci . 71 , 176 – 187 .  

    21. Kiehl , J. T. and Rodhe , H . 1995 . Modeling geographical and seasonal forcing due to aerosols. In: Aerosol forcing of climate (eds. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzen-berg), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 281 - 296 .  

    22. Kiehl , J. T. , Schneider , T. L. , Portmann , R. W. and Solomon , S . 1999 . Climate forcing due to tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res . 104 , D24, 31,239 - 31,254 .  

    23. Kiehl , J. T. , Schneider , T. L. , Rasch , P. J. , Barth , M. C. and Portman , R. W . 2000 . Radiative forcing due to sulfate aerosols from simulations with the NCAR com-munity climate model (CCM3). J. Geophys. Res . 105 , 1441 – 1457 .  

    24. Langner , J. and Rodhe , H . 1991 . A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J. Atmos. Chem . 13 , 225 – 264 .  

    25. Leck , C. , Norman , M. , Bigg , E. K. and Hillamo , R . 2002 . Chemical composition and sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for cloud formation. J. Geophys. Res ., in press .  

    26. Leck , C. and Persson , C . 1996 . Seasonal and short-term variability in dimethyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide and bio-genic sulfur and sea salt aerosol particles in the Arctic marine boundary layer during summer and autumn. Tellus 48B , 272 – 299 .  

    27. Liousse , C. , Penner , J. E. , Chuang , C. , Walton , J. J. and Eddleman , H . 1996 . A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. 101 , D14, 19,411 - 19,432 .  

    28. McGrath , R . 1989 . Trajectory models and their use in the Irish Meteorological Service . 112/89, Irish Meteoro-logical Service , Dublin .  

    29. Neustllg , C. , Weise , D. , Birmili , W. , Wex , H. , Wieden-sohler , A. and Covert , D. S. 2000 . Size-segregated chemical, gravimetric and number distribution-derived mass closure of the aerosol in Sagres, Portugal during ACE-2. Tellus 52B , 169 - 184 .  

    30. Noone , K. J. and Hansson , H.-C . 1990 . Calibration of the TSI-3760 condensation nucleus counter for non-standard operating conditions. Aerosol Sci. Technol . 13 , 478 – 485 .  

    31. Ogren , J. A. and Heintzenberg , J . 1990 . Parametric aerosol sampling at low concentration levels . AA-1, Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University.  

    32. Penner , J. E. 1995 . Carbonaceous aerosols influencing atmospheric radiation: black and organic carbon. In: Aerosol forcing of climate (eds. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 91 - 108 .  

    33. Penner , J. E. , Dickinson , R. E. and O'Neill , C. A . 1992 . Effects of aerosol from biomass burning on the global radiation budget. Science 256 , 1432 – 1434 .  

    34. Rahn , K. A . 1976 . The chemical composition of the atmo-spheric aerosol . Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA. Roeckner, E., Siebert, T. and Feichter, J. 1995. Climatic response to anthropogenic sulfate forcing simulated with a general circulation model. In: Aerosol forcing of climate (eds. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 349 - 362 .  

    35. Saxena , V. K . 1983 . Evidence of biogenic nuclei involve-ment in Antarctic coastal clouds. J. Phys. Chem . 87 , 4130 – 4134 .  

    36. Taylor , K. E. and Penner , J. E . 1994 . Response of the climate system to atmospheric aerosols and green-house gases. Nature 369 , 734 – 737 .  

    37. Taylor , S. R . 1964 . Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table. Geochim. Cosmo-chim. Acta 28 , 1273 – 1285 .  

    38. Wilson , T. R. S . 1975 . Salinity and major elements of seawater. In: Chemical oceanography (eds. J. P. Riley and G. Skirrow), 2nd edn. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 365 - 413 .  

    Jump to Discussions Related content
    comments powered by Disqus