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    Original Research Papers

    Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles in the northeastern Atlantic during ACE-2

    Authors:

    Erik Swietlicki ,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    Jingchuan Zhou,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    David S. Covert,

    University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195-4235, US
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    Kaarle Hämeri,

    Department of Physics, PO Box 9, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, FI
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    Bernhard Busch,

    Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Str. 15, D-04303, Leipzig, DE
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    Minna Väkeva,

    Department of Physics, PO Box 9, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, FI
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    Ulrike Dusek,

    University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195-4235, US
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    Olle H. Berg,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    Alfred Wiedensohler,

    Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Str. 15, D-04303, Leipzig, DE
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    Pasi Aalto,

    Department of Physics, PO Box 9, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, FI
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    Jyrki Mäkelä,

    Department of Physics, PO Box 9, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, FI
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    Bengt G. Martinsson,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    Giorgos Papaspiropoulos,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    Besim Mentes,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    Göran Frank,

    Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, SE
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    Frank Stratmann

    Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Str. 15, D-04303, Leipzig, DE
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    Abstract

    Measurements of the hygroscopic properties of sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles were performed with hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analysers (H-TDMA) at 5 sites in the subtropical north-eastern Atlantic during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) from 16 June to 25 July 1997. Four of the sites were in the marine boundary layer and one was, at least occasionally, in the lower free troposphere. The hygroscopic diameter growth factors of individual aerosol particles in the dry particle diameter range 10−440 nm were generally measured for changes in relative humidity (RH) from <10% to 90%. In the marine boundary layer, growth factors at 90% RH were dependent on location, air mass type and particle size. The data was dominated by a unimodal growth distribution of more-hygroscopic particles, although a bimodal growth distribution including less-hygroscopic particles was observed at times, most often in the more polluted air masses. In clean marine air masses the more-hygroscopic growth factors ranged from about 1.6 to 1.8 with a consistent increase in growth factor with increasing particle size. There was also a tendency toward higher growth factors as sodium to sulphate molar ratio increased with increasing sea-salt contribution at higher wind speeds. During outbreaks of European pollution in the ACE-2 region, the growth factors of the largest particles were reduced, but only slightly. Growth factors at all sizes in both clean and polluted air masses were markedly lower at the Sagres, Portugal site due to more proximate continental influences. The frequency of occurrence of less-hygroscopic particles with a growth factor of ca. 1.15 was greatest during polluted conditions at Sagres. The free tropospheric 50 nm particles were predominately less-hygroscopic, with an intermediate growth factor of 1.4, but more-hygroscopic particles with growth factors of about 1.6 were also frequent. While these particles probably originate from within the marine boundary layer, the less-hygroscopic particles are probably more characteristic of lower free tropospheric air masses. For those occasions when measurements were made at 90% and an intermediate 60% or 70% RH, the growth factor G(RH) of the more-hygroscopic particles could be modelled empirically by a power law expression. For the ubiquitous more-hygroscopic particles, the expressions G(RH)=(1-RH/100)-0.210 for 50 nm Aitken mode particles and G(RH)=(1-RH/100)-0.233 for 166 nm accumulation mode particles are recommended for clean marine air masses in the north-eastern Atlantic within the range 0<RH<95%, and for wind speeds for which the local sea-salt production is small (<ca. 8 m s-1)..

    How to Cite: Swietlicki, E., Zhou, J., Covert, D.S., Hämeri, K., Busch, B., Väkeva, M., Dusek, U., Berg, O.H., Wiedensohler, A., Aalto, P., Mäkelä, J., Martinsson, B.G., Papaspiropoulos, G., Mentes, B., Frank, G. and Stratmann, F., 2000. Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles in the northeastern Atlantic during ACE-2. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 52(2), pp.201–227. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v52i2.16093
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      Published on 01 Jan 2000
    Peer Reviewed
     CC BY 4.0
     Accepted on 17 Sep 1999            Submitted on 5 Feb 1999

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