• \
    Start Submission Become a Reviewer

    Reading: The effects of black carbon and sulphate aerosols in China regions on East Asia monsoons

    Download

     A- A+
    Alt. Display

    Original Research Papers

    The effects of black carbon and sulphate aerosols in China regions on East Asia monsoons

    Authors:

    Yu Liu ,

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CN
    X close

    Jiaren Sun,

    South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, CN
    X close

    Bai Yang

    Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US
    X close

    Abstract

    In this paper, we examine the direct effects of sulphate and black carbon (BC) aerosols in China on East Asia monsoons and its precipitation processes by using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) 3.0 model. It is demonstrated that sulphate and BC aerosols in China both have the effects to weaken East Asia monsoons in both summer and winter seasons. However, they certainly differ from each other in affecting vertical structures of temperature and atmospheric circulations. Their differences are expected because of their distinct optical properties, that is, scattering versus absorbing. Even for a single type of aerosol, its effects on temperature structures and atmospheric circulations are largely season-dependent. Applications ofT-test on our results indicate that forcing from BC aerosols over China is relatively weak and limited. It is also evident from our results that the effects of synthetic aerosols (sulphate and BC together) on monsoons are not simply a linear summation between these two types of aerosols. Instead, they are determined by their integrated optical properties. Synthetic aerosols to a large degree resemble effects of sulphate aerosols. This implies a likely scattering property for the integration of BC and sulphate aerosols in China.

    How to Cite: Liu, Y., Sun, J. and Yang, B., 2009. The effects of black carbon and sulphate aerosols in China regions on East Asia monsoons. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 61(4), pp.642–656. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00427.x
    2
    Views
      Published on 01 Jan 2009
    Peer Reviewed
     CC BY 4.0
     Accepted on 9 Apr 2009            Submitted on 19 Jul 2008

    References

    1. Barth , M. C. , Rasch , P. J. , Kiehl , J. T. , Benkovitz , C. M. and Schwartz , S. E . 2000 . Sulphur chemistry in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: description, evaluation, fea-tures and sensitivity to aqueous chemistry . J. Geophys. Res . 105 , 1387 – 1415 .  

    2. Blanchard , D. C. and Woodcock , A. H . 1980 . Production, concentration, and vertical distribution of the sea salt aerosol . Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci . 338 , 330 – 347 .  

    3. Bolin , B. and Charlson , R. J . 1976 . On the role of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in the short wave radiative climate of the earth . Ambio . 5 , 47 – 54 .  

    4. Bueh , C. and Ji , L.R. 1999. Anomaly of East Asia winter monsoon and SST. Chin. Sci. Bull. 44, 252 – 259.  

    5. Chang , C.-P. and Lau , K.-M . 1982 . Short-term planetary scale interac-tion over the tropic and mid-latitudes during northern winter. Part I : contrasts between active and inactive periods . Mon. Wea. Rev . 110 , 933 – 946 .  

    6. Chen , L.-X. , Zhu , Q.-G. , Luo , H.B. , He , J.H. , Dongf , M. and co-author. 1991. East Asia Monsoon. Chinese Meteorological Press, Beijing, 362 pp.  

    7. Chen , L.-X. , Thou , X.-J. , Li , W.-L. , Luo , Y.-F. and Thu , W.-Q . 2004 . Characteristics of the climate change and its formation mechanism in China in last 80 years . Acta Meteorol. Sin ., 62 , 634 – 645 .  

    8. Collins , W. D. , Rasch , P. J. , Eaton , B. E. , Khattatov , B. , Lamarque , J.E and co-author. 2001. Simulating aerosols using a chemical transport model with assimilation of satellite aerosol retrievals: methodology for INDOEX. J. Geophys. Res . 106 , 7313 – 7336.  

    9. Collins , W. D. , Rasch , P. J. , Eaton , B. E. , Fillmore , D. W. , Kiehl , J. T. and co-authors. 2002. Simulation of aerosol distributions and radia-tive forcing for INDOEX: regional climate impacts. J. Geophys. Res . 107 ( D19 ), 8028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000032 .  

    10. Collins , W. D. , Rasch , P. J. , Boville , B. A. , Hack , J. J. , McCaa , J. R. and co-authors. 2004. Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR TN-464±STR, xii+214  

    11. Cooke , W. F. , Liousse , C. , Cachier , H. and Feichter , J . 1999 . Construction of a 1 degrees x 1 degrees fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model . J. Geophys. Res . 104 , 22137 – 22162 .  

    12. IPCC . 2007. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forc-ing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribu-tion of Working Group Ito the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change [ Solomon , S. , et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.  

    13. Gong , W. and Li , W.-L . 1996 . Develop of Chinese regional climate model and its preliminary results . In: Climate Change Mechanism and Numerical Simulation 2nd Edition (group of 85-913 Program). Chinese Meteorological Press , Beijing , 273 – 288 .  

    14. Gu , Y. , Liou , K. N. , Xue , Y. , Mechoso , C. R. , Li , W. and co-authors. 2006. Climatic effects of different aerosol types in China simulated by the University of California, Los Angeles atmo-spheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res . 111 , D15201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006312 .  

    15. Hansen , J. E. , Sato , M. and Ruedy , R . 1997 . Radiative forcing and climate response . J. Geophys. Res . 102 ( D6 ), 6831 – 6864 .  

    16. Jacobson , M. Z . 2001 . Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols . Nature 409 , 695 – 697 .  

    17. Jacobson , M. Z. and Kaufman , Y. J . 2006 . Wind reduction by aerosol par-ticles . Geophys. Res. Lett . 33 , L24814 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027838 .  

    18. Lau , K. M. and Boyle , J. S . 1987 . Tropical and extra tropical forcing of the large-scale circulation: a diagnostic study . Mon. Wea. Rev ., 115 , 400 – 428 .  

    19. Lau , K.-M. and Kim , K.-M . 2006 . Observational relationships between aerosol and Asian monsoon rainfall and circulation . Geophys. Res. Lett ., 33 , L21810 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027546 .  

    20. Lau , K.-M. , Kim , M.-K. and Kim , K.-M . 2006 . Asian monsoon anoma-lies induced by aerosol direct effects . Clim. Dyn ., 26 , 855 – 864 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0114-z .  

    21. Liousse , C. , Penner , J. E. , Chuang , C. , Walton , J. J. , Eddleman , H. and co-authors. 1996. A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols. J. Geophys. Res . 101 , 19411 – 19432.  

    22. Luo , Y.-F. , Zhou , X.-J. and Li , W.-L . 1999 . A numerical study of the atmospheric aerosol climate forcing in China . Chin. J. Atmos. Sci . 23 , 1 – 12 .  

    23. Luo , Y.-F. , Li , W. , Li , D.R. , Li , W.L. and Zhou , X.J. 2000. The characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth over China in last 30 years. Chin. Sci. Bull. 45, 549 – 554.  

    24. Luo , Y.-F. , Li , W.-L. and Zhou , X.-J . 2001 . Analysis of the 1980's atmospheric aerosol optical depth over China . Acta Meteorol. Sin . 59 , 77 – 87 .  

    25. Mahowald , N. , Luo , C. , DelCorral , J. and Zender , C . 2003 . Interannual variability in atmospheric mineral aerosols from a 22-year model simulation and observational data . J. Geophys. Res . 108 ( D12 ), 4352 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002821 .  

    26. Menon , S. , Hansen , J. , Nazarenko , L. and Luo , Y . 2002 . Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India . Science 297 , 2250 – 2253 .  

    27. Pei , S.-Q. and Li , C.-Y . 2007 . A further study on the East Asian winter monsoon and its influences. Part I: features of variation and anomaly . Clim. Environ. Res . 12 , 124 – 136 .  

    28. Qiao , Y.-T. , Chen , L. T. and Zhang , Q.-Y . 2002 . The definition of East Asia monsoon indices and their relationship to climate in China . Chin. J. Atmos. Sci . 26 , 69 – 82 .  

    29. Ramanathan , V. , Crutzen , P. J. , Kiehl , J. T. and Rosenfeld , D . 2001 . Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycles . Science 294 , 2119 – 2124 .  

    30. Rasch , P. J. , Mahowald , N. M. and Eaton , B. E . 1997. Representations of transport, convection, and the hydrologic cycle in chemical trans-port models: implications for the modeling of short-lived and soluble species. J. Geophys. Res . 102 , 28127 – 28138.  

    31. Rasch , P. J. , Barth , M. C. , Kiehl , J. T. , Schwartz , S. E. and Benkovitz , C. M. 2000. A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Commu-nity Climate Model, Version 3. J. Geophys. Res . 105 , 1367 – 1385.  

    32. Singh , R. P. , Tare , V. and Tripathi , S. N. 2005. Aerosols, clouds and monsoon. Curr Sci. 88(9), 1366 – 1368.  

    33. Smith , S. J. , Pitcher , H. and Wigley , T. M. L. 2001. Global and regional anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 29, 99 – 119.  

    34. Stowe , L. L. , Ignatov , A. M. and Singh , R. R . 1997. Development, val-idation, and potential enhancements to the second-generation opera-tional aerosol product at the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. J. Geophys. Res . 102 , 16889 – 16910.  

    35. Tian , H. , Ma , J.Z. , Li , W.L. and Liu , H.L. 2005. Simulation of forcing of sulfate aerosol on direct radiation and its climate effect over Middle and Eastern China. J. Appl. MeteoroL 16, 322 – 333.  

    36. Zender , C. S. , Bian , H. and Newman , D. 2003. Mineral Dust Entrainment And Deposition (DEAD) model: description and 1990's dust climatol-ogy. J. Geophys. Res . 108 ( D14 ), 4416, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002775 .  

    Jump to Discussions Related content
    comments powered by Disqus