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    Original Research Papers

    Estimating regional carbon exchange in New England and Quebec by combining atmospheric, ground-based and satellite data

    Authors:

    Daniel M. Matross ,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    Arlyn Andrews,

    Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, US
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    Mahadevan Pathmathevan,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    Christoph Gerbig,

    Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3GL, CA
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    John C. Lin,

    Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3GL, CA
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    Steven C. Wofsy,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    Bruce C. Daube,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    Elaine W. Gottlieb,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    Victoria Y. Chow,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    John T. Lee,

    Environmental Physics Group, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, US
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    Conglong Zhao,

    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, US
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    Peter S. Bakwin,

    Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305; Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National ceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, US
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    J. William Munger,

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
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    David Y. Hollinger

    United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Durham, NH, 03824, US
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    Abstract

    We derive regional-scale (∼104 km2) CO2 flux estimates for summer 2004 in the northeast United States and southern Quebec by assimilating extensive data into a receptor-oriented model-data fusion framework. Surface fluxes are specified using the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), a simple, readily optimized biosphere model driven by satellite data, AmeriFlux eddy covariance measurements and meteorological fields. The surface flux model is coupled to a Lagrangian atmospheric adjoint model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport Model (STILT) that links point observations to upwind sources with high spatiotemporal resolution. Analysis of CO2 concentration data from the NOAA-ESRL tall tower at Argyle, ME and from extensive aircraft surveys, shows that the STILT–VPRM framework successfully links model flux fields to regionally representative atmospheric CO2 data, providing a bridge between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ methods for estimating regional CO2 budgets on timescales from hourly to monthly. The surface flux model, with initial calibration to eddy covariance data, produces an excellent a priori condition for inversion studies constrained by atmospheric concentration data. Exploratory optimization studies show that data from several sites in a region are needed to constrain model parameters for all major vegetation types, because the atmosphere commingles the influence of regional vegetation types, and even high-resolution meteorological analysis cannot disentangle the associated contributions. Airborne data are critical to help define uncertainty within the optimization framework, showing for example, that in summertime CO2 concentration at Argyle (107 m) is ∼0.6 ppm lower than the mean in the planetary boundary layer.

    How to Cite: Matross, D.M., Andrews, A., Pathmathevan, M., Gerbig, C., Lin, J.C., Wofsy, S.C., Daube, B.C., Gottlieb, E.W., Chow, V.Y., Lee, J.T., Zhao, C., Bakwin, P.S., Munger, J.W. and Hollinger, D.Y., 2006. Estimating regional carbon exchange in New England and Quebec by combining atmospheric, ground-based and satellite data. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 58(5), pp.344–358. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00206.x
      Published on 01 Jan 2006
    Peer Reviewed
     CC BY 4.0
     Accepted on 12 Jun 2006            Submitted on 16 Jan 2006

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